Perspective 1

The global burden of disease

The Global Burde of Disease or an abbreviation for this: (GBD) provides the needed information about health loss as in deaths, illness and disability in distinction to a notable disease or virus, it also indicates risk factors This is helpful because it can be used as indicator to keep the health systems up to date and improve them as well as making a future prediction of mortality and mobility rates. The information is obtained by a worldwide research program consisting of 145 participating countries. And approximately 3600 people working for this major analytic research department.

This makes the GBD is the largest and most detailed ever conducted research to indicate levels and directions of the health worldwide.

For example: if you investigate diabetes, you can see that rates are rapidly increasing compared to other years.

In which country is diabetes 1 mostly located?

Finland and Italy have the highest incidence rates, whereas South

American countries like Venezuela and Brazil and Asian countries like

China and Thailand have the slightest levels for the Type 1 diabetes strikes

Caucasians more frequently than African Americans and Latin America.

These results indicate that over a 53 year based time period (1953 up until 2006) the rates have started increasing faster.

In 2016, more than 3 million and 200 thousand persons in Italy, or 5.3 percent of the people living in Italy, were diagnosed with diabetes(1)

Finland has the worlds #39th highest incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes, with a rate of 522.

per 100.000 this is equal to about 0.5% children under the age of 15 years in the period 2015 until 2018.

what is the reason for high diabetes 1 diagnoses in Italy and Finland?

diabetes is diagnosed frequently in Italy and Finland and the rates are only growing faster this is most likely due to a combination of lifestyle changes, living circumstances, and predisposing genes. But the main reason levels are higher around these regions is that there are zinc-containing amorphous silica nanoparticles which can cause diabetes 1

What are the worldwide morbidity and mortality rates of diabetes 1?

Here is the following data about the mortality and morbidity rate of diabetes 1 in 2019 as there is more data available about those years.

In 2019 1.5 million casualties because of diabetes worldwide yet 95% of people diagnosed with diabetes have type 2 so around 75.000 people died from diabetes 1 this is a relatively small figure by means of absolute as compared with the total deaths. Nonetheless this is the mortality rate which leaves us with the morbidity (people suffering from disease, disability, virus etc.) rate which was much higher with about 13.000.000 persons diagnosed with type 1 diabetes this indicates that the total sum could be higher because not everyone is diagnosed.

Perspective 2

What does the national burden of disease mean?

As the global burden of disease or (GBD) is a broader approach to indicate the needed information about health loss as in deaths, illness, and disability in distinction to a notable disease or virus, it also indicates risk factors. However, the national burden of disease or (NBoD) focusses on more specific research within a country. This is useful because you can compare it with other country’s NBoD to see if the mortality and morbidity rates are high or low. A measure used for disability is DALY which stands for disability adjusted life years and is a way of measure used to see the potentially lost life or in other words dying early due to disease or disability, but it also indicates the years lived with a disease.

Choose a country.

For perspective 2 we chose Finland as it has one of the highest number of people with diabetes type 1 and another reason is because we wanted it to differ from the first perspective where there was talked about Italy.

Why is diabetes type 1 common in Finland and how does it affect the people?

We still don’t know every cause for diabetes 1 however people have discovered some important factors such as how lifestyle allows for the fast growth of diabetes type 1, this includes how you eat and possibly smoking other causes for diabetes are viruses, environment, and inheritance.

From this you can see that it is very likely that a lot of people already had diabetes in Finland and kept it in the family due to the environment

This affects people who have diabetes type 1 not only by putting their health at risk, but it can also affect them financially as the treatments can be expensive, however the vast majority of people doesn’t have type 1 diabetes leaving them out of risk so the question “how does diabetes affect the people in Finland “depends on the perspective. As for families with family members carrying the disease it can be hard but from a broader perspective it affects the finish people less.

What are the morbidity and mortality rates in Finland?

In 2019 Finland experienced an average mortality rate of 9.8‰ which means 9.8 in 1000 per 1000 inhabitants died this number is comparable to the mortality rate of diabetes type 1 in Finland 2019 which was 1.4‰

The morbidity rates where obviously higher as not everyone diagnosed dies:

In 2019 around 50.000 people were diagnosed with diabetes type 1 this is much less than the 400.000 people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes

Data is from 2019 as there is more information about it.

Perspective 3

The difference between biomedical and the pharmaceutical burden of disease?

To know the difference between pharmacy and biomedical you first have to know what they mean, therefore will follow a brief description.

Biomedical

Biomedical(science) means study of the human body in order to develop therapies and treatments for disease and illness.

pharmaceutical

Pharmacy on the other hand is a study of the way of techniques of preparation and dispensing of the medication or treatment of the patient.

The difference between them is that the biomedical burden of disease focuses on how the treatment is made and pharmaceutical burden of disease is how it is given to the patients.

What happens in the body of a patient diagnosed with diabetes type 1, and what is the origin of the disease?

The cause of type 1 diabetes that is unknown. It's most likely an autoimmune disease. This is a syndrome in which the immune system assaults and destroys healthy body tissue by mistake. An infection or another trigger in type 1 diabetes causes the body to destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Your parents' susceptibility to acquire autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes, can be passed down to you.

What are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

Because the symptoms aren't usually visible and can take a long time to develop, people can have diabetes without realizing it. Type 1 diabetes can strike quickly or gradually. When a person has type 1 diabetes for the first time, they may: Because the body tries to get rid of excess blood sugar by passing it out in the urine,

Chemicals can build up if these early signs of diabetes aren't detected and treatment isn't started.

you will pee a lot.

To compensate for all the peeing, drink a lot.

Eat a lot since your body is starving for the energy that sugar can't provide.

Because the body begins to use fat and muscle for fuel, you will lose weight.

Some people may experience a Blurry sight

Chemicals can build up in the blood and cause stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, breathing problems, and even loss of consciousness

your constantly exhausted.

What is the treatment and how does the treatment work?

Because your body no longer produces insulin, you must take insulin if you have type 1 diabetes. Different forms of insulin start working at different rates, and their effects continue for varying amounts of time. It's possible that you'll need to employ more than one type. Insulin can be administered in a variety of ways. A needle and syringe, an insulin pen, or an insulin pump are all common alternatives.

What are the doses of the medication?

For the doses several factors are important 1 of them being how much you take per dose which depends on the age and gender and the type of medication proscribed. The other notable factor is the amount of times it is used which usually is 2 time a day, 1 in the morning and 1 before dinner.

What are the side-effects of the medication?

Insulin treatment can cause hypoglycaemia, which is the most common side effect this is also called means Low blood glucose, also called low blood sugar, this occurs when your glucose levels quickly drop and can cause fatigue, hunger, anxiety and producing a lot of sweat. hypoglycaemia happens because the blood levels get pumped op verry fast leading to a quick decrease after some time. Allergic reactions, especially anaphylaxis, can be severe and life-threatening.

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